Fraser-Pryce, 32, powered to 10.71 seconds for her eighth world title while Asher-Smith’s 10.83 is a new British record.
Fraser Pryce, who carried son Zyon on her lap of honour, told BBC Sport: “To be standing here as world champion again after having my baby, I am elated.
“Having my son and coming back, performing the way I did, I hope I can give inspiration to all the women starting a family or thinking of starting a family. You can do anything.”
Dina Asher-Smith became the first British woman to win an individual World Championships sprint medal in 36 years as she claimed silver in the 100m final with Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce taking gold.