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Caribbean in ‘debt-climate trap’

A leading regional economist, who once led the Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago, is warning that the Caribbean is in a debt-climate trap that it needs to break out of using structural reforms.

Jwala Rambarran, who is now a senior policy advisor with the Barbados-based Caribbean Policy Development Centre (CPDC), is offering some solutions.

He is proposing that Barbados and other countries use the CPDC’s updated Caribbean Emancipation 2030 Framework, which “proposes an integrated reform agenda that links systemic debt justice, vulnerability-based climate finance, and a just economic transformation. Emancipation in the 21st century must entail fiscal sovereignty, climate justice, and structural resilience”.

Specific suggestions include that CARICOM “should establish a regional debt-climate negotiation platform to coordinate talks with the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, private creditors, and [United Nations climate conference] processes”.

The economist is also advising international financial institutions to “formally integrate the Multidimensional Vulnerability Index into concessional eligibility criteria”.

New policy brief

Rambarran made the recommendations in an analysis titled Caribbean Emancipation 2030: Breaking The Debt-Climate Trap In Caribbean SIDS, which is included in a new policy brief published by the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus.

His other recommendations were: Creditors should embed automatic climate-shock clauses that suspend debt service across all Caribbean debt instruments.

High-Income countries should fully capitalise the Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage with grants based on their historical share of emissions.

Caribbean Governments should legislate fiscal transparency rules that direct debtrelief savings towards building climate resilience.

His key points included that Caribbean SIDS are trapped in a reinforcing debt-climate cycle – climate shocks drive borrowing, rising debt limits resilience, and limited resilience magnifies future losses.

The former central bank governor noted that “despite contributing less than one per cent of global emissions, the region faces disproportionate climate burdens. For example, a single hurricane can undo a decade of fiscal reform.

The economist asserted that “the global financial architecture is misaligned: debt frameworks ignore climate risk and adaptation is being financed through debt”.

Rambarran said: “The Caribbean debt-climate trap is systemic, not episodic. Climate shocks, sovereign debt dynamics, and global financial rules interact in reinforcing cycles that undermine sovereignty and resilience. Incremental reform will not suffice. “Integrated reform, linking debt justice, vulnerability-based finance, and structural transformation, is both economically necessary and politically feasible.

“Emancipation in the twenty-first century must entail fiscal autonomy, climate justice, and democratic resilience. Caribbean Emancipation 2030 offers a justice-based reform strategy grounded in empirical evidence and lived Caribbean experience.”

Rambarran argued that Caribbean SIDS are facing a deepening structural crisis at the intersection of sovereign debt and climate vulnerability, pointing out that “successive global shocks between 2022 and 2025, including pandemic-recovery pressures, geopolitical instability, energy and food price spikes, and the sharpest global interest rate tightening cycle in four decades, have exacerbated long-standing regional vulnerabilities”.

“By 2025, public debt ratios across Caribbean economies remained well above the conventional 60 per cent of GDP debt sustainability. Five Caribbean SIDS recorded debt levels exceeding 75 per cent of GDP, placing them among the most indebted SIDS worldwide, while six other countries reported debt ratios between 60 and 75 per cent,” he noted. “Severe hurricanes generate large, recurrent fiscal shocks by destroying infrastructure and productive capacity, and raise public debt by approximately 18 per cent above pre-storm trends within three years.”

Magnifies future losses

He warned: “This convergence is not temporary. It reflects a structural debt-climate trap in which climate shocks drive borrowing, which in turn reduces fiscal space for resilience, and limited resilience magnifies future losses.

“Under current global rules, even fiscally disciplined Caribbean states remain one major hurricane away from renewed debt distress.”

Rambarran identified several challenges facing the Caribbean within the “reinforcing system in which sovereign debt and climate vulnerability interact in predictable cycles”.

Among them were debt sustainability is climate contingent; climate shocks are macroeconomic shocks; adaptation is being financed through debt; insurance provides liquidity, not reconstruction; and the global debt architecture ignores climate vulnerability.

On this last point, he said: “The G20 Common Framework has failed to deliver timely debt relief to vulnerable states. Caribbean debt restructurings – Barbados [in] 2018 and Jamaica [in] 2010 [and] 2013, required deep domestic adjustment before relief. The architecture treats debt distress as episodic liquidity stress rather than structural vulnerability.”

He argued that the case for integrated debtclimate reform rests on four empirical realities. These included that climate shocks systematically raise debt ratios; adaptation financing gaps persist; global interest rate shocks amplify climate risk; and reform precedents demonstrate feasibility.

“Integrated reform that links debt architecture, vulnerability-based finance, and structural transformation can help to break the Caribbean’s debt–climate trap,” Rambarran advised.

“For decision-makers, the choice is therefore not between reform and the status quo. It is between systemic redesign now and recurring fiscal crisis after each major climate event.” (SC)

Ministry must be notified of mass events

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Members of the public who may be planning a mass event are reminded that they must notify the Ministry of Health and Wellness by writing to the Environmental Health Department that is responsible for the area where it will be held.

The ministry said the notification was to facilitate the assessment of health risks associated with any such event.

For events held at “open air” arenas or venues where additional sanitary facilities, refuse collection areas and running water are required, a schematic of the area should be provided showing the proposed position of such facilities. It may also be necessary to facilitate a site visit.

For events where stalls are provided, the number of stalls and their purpose must be outlined. Food stall (public health definition of food includes water, alcohol, and so on) operators are also reminded that they must apply and receive a temporary restaurant permit from the Environmental Health Department. Application for such a permit must be made at least 14 days prior to the date of the event.

Operators/promoters are also reminded that for events where it is deemed necessary for environmental health officers to be present, an application must be made under the Health Services (Assignment of Public Health Inspectors to Private Businesses) Regulations, 1986. (PR)

US takes step to halt Nvidia AI chip shipments to Chinese firms outside China

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The U.S. ‌Department of Commerce on Sunday moved to close a potential loophole that may have led companies to export the world’s most advanced chips – like Nvidia’s most sophisticated Blackwell processors – to subsidiaries of Chinese companies located outside China.

The unexpected guidance suggests that the United States’ best AI chips may have been making ​their way to the subsidiaries of Chinese AI firms based in places such as Malaysia despite broader U.S. efforts to ​starve Chinese firms of semiconductors needed to develop critical AI capabilities.

The new guidance was posted on the ⁠Commerce Department’s website on Sunday after a paper about the loophole circulated in Washington, according to people familiar with the matter. ​The paper, a copy of which was seen by Reuters, says “the floodgates have quietly opened.” Dated Friday, the paper does not list any ​author.

It is unclear how many of the chips have been exported in the year that the Trump administration left the door open. One chip industry source with deep supply-chain knowledge estimated it was in the hundreds of thousands.

In the unusual weekend guidance, the department’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) said it ​would enforce license requirements for advanced chips to entities headquartered in China when the entities were located outside China.

“BIS issued guidance clarifying ​export license requirements that have been in place since 2023,” a bureau spokesperson said. “BIS will continue to enforce export controls rigorously to safeguard critical ‌American technology.”

The ⁠new guidance does not change anything for Nvidia, a company official said, adding that it could not ship the chips because the Commerce Department had clearly imposed a license requirement on Nvidia in a letter.

AMD, another big producer of sought-after AI chips, did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

The Commerce Department created the opening when it announced in May 2025 that it would not be enforcing ​the AI Diffusion rule issued ​in the last days of ⁠the Biden administration. The rule had licensing requirements governing global access to AI chips.

Former State Department official Chris McGuire, an expert on technology and national security, said in a social media post on Sunday ​that the loophole allowed the overseas subsidiaries of Chinese companies to buy Nvidia Blackwell chips without ​a license. “This is a ⁠HUGE problem,” he said.

“Chinese companies have been buying these chips, very likely at scale,” McGuire said.

McGuire said the guidance closes the loophole, but leaves another open. That loophole drops the requirement that Taiwan-based TSMC and other foundries do extra due diligence to ensure the high-end AI chips ⁠they ​are making are not for Chinese front companies. He said that issue was not ​fixed by the guidance.

A spokesman for TSMC declined comment.

In addition, the new guidance does not require data centers to stop using the chips or cut off servicing ​of the advanced computing items such as servers. (Reuters)

Don’t wait until last minute to prepare, advises Nicholls

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Minister of Home Affairs and Information Gregory Nicholls is urging Barbadians not to wait until the last minute to prepare for the hurricane season.

He made the appeal during a church service at St James Parish Church yesterday to mark the official opening of the 2026 Atlantic hurricane season which starts today.

Nicholls said the theme, Operation: Act before Impact, spoke directly to the need for Barbadians to be prepared, united and proactive.

“We cannot control the storms but we can control how ready we are to face them,” he said.

He noted that the Government had been working with key stakeholders, including the Department of Emergency Management (DEM) to strengthen national preparedness and coordination among response agencies.

“We have been reviewing our emergency protocols, assessing shelter readiness, and working closely with partners across private and public sectors,” Nicholls said.

He added that meetings with stakeholders began as early as March to assess the country’s level of preparedness under the National Emergency Management system and identified areas requiring additional support.

While highlighting Government’s efforts, he stressed that national resilience began with individual responsibility.

The minister urged residents to secure their homes, clear drains, trim overhanging branches and ensure they have essential emergency supplies well before any threat develops.

He also reminded Barbadians that hurricanes are not the only hazards facing the island.

Pointing to the recent seismic activity in the region, Sahara dust and influxes of sargassum seaweed, the minister warned that the country must remain vigilant throughout the season.

“We do not have to experience a hurricane to be severely impacted,” he said.

He further called on citizens to look out for the vulnerable members of their communities including the elderly, children and those living alone.

“We need to ensure that we care for our children, our elderly citizens and those living alone. It means that we reach out to the vulnerable families within our communities and those who may not have the means to fully prepare for their home.

“We need to return Barbados to the days of being a caring society so that our actions in the church, in the communities, at school, at work, wherever we go, reflect that spirit of care that can be tested in difficult times,” Nicholls said.

Drawing parallels between Christian faith and disaster readiness, Reverend Canon Beverley Sealy-Knight reminded that storms are sometimes economic, telling the congregants that preparedness is not rooted in fear but wisdom. She said faith should inspire action, noting that “faith is not denial, faith is courage joined with preparation”.

Prepare wisely

“That is why agencies like the Department of Emergency Management matter so much. They cannot stop hurricanes, that would be a good thing if you had the power to, but they help us prepare wisely, they coordinate responses, they encourage readiness before panic arrives, and there is something deeply spiritual in preparation,” the priest said, while referencing the biblical Noah and Joseph.

Sealy-Knight said that sometimes Christians made the mistake of believing faith meant pretending danger did not exist, but Trinity Sunday taught differently.

“We are taught that the Father gives wisdom . . . the Son enters suffering – he’s with us in the storm – and the Spirit empowers action. So faith is not denial. Faith is courage joined with preparation and perhaps that is one of the great lessons Barbados must remember in this season, because storms today are not only meteorological. Sometimes storms are economic, some are emotional, and some are social. Some are hidden inside homes and hearts, and increasingly climate change is making all of these storms heavier,” she said.

Sealy-Knight emphasised that resilience depended on communities caring for one another. (AJ)

PM Browne says Antigua and Barbuda will only accept 10 refugees annually

The Antigua and Barbuda government says it will accept 10 third-country nationals, including refugees” from the United States annually, but maintains that Washington must provide assurances that proper background checks are conducted and that all persons have valid travel documents..

“One criminal element coming into our country can make a difference. We also said to them too that these persons must have travel documents because what happens sometimes is some of these immigrants who they detain as soon as they get to the United States they tear up the travel documents and we can’t have them come here as stateless individuals,”  Prime Minister Gaston Browne said on his weekly radio programme here.

“So we have said to them that look they have their issues and we want to help, we want to be a cooperative state but cannot let’s say participate or agree to anything that is to our detriment,”  he  added.

In January, the Antigua and Barbuda government said it had not entered into any binding agreement with the United States to accept deportees or refugees. It said what exists is a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding proposed by the United States, as part of its global efforts to share responsibility for refugees already present in its territory.

“Antigua and Barbuda was approached by the United States, along with more than one hundred governments worldwide, including several within the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), to consider this non-binding arrangement,” the government said in its statement.

Last month, the St Kitts and Nevis government said that it had accepted the first group of U.S.-transferred third-country deportees under a bilateral arrangement with Washington.

In a statement it said three CARICOM nationals from Jamaica and Belize arrived under an agreement involving persons accused of immigration violations.

Prime Minister Browne told radio listeners that a previous proposal reportedly involved accepting as many as 120 individuals without guaranteed assistance or due diligence, which he described as unacceptable.

“That matter remains unresolved in the sense that we have not heard from the State Department as yet,” he said, adding that St. John’s has been following up  on that matter.

“At one point I’m told that they had access to accept as many as 120 individuals and there was no guarantees, no guaranteed assistance, no guaranteed due diligence, and I said to them that that is totally unacceptable.

“So I just want to keep the people informed. Again we’re not promoting any hostility with the United States,  we want to maintain good relations with the US, but they have to understand that  we have to defend our national interests. We’re a small, powerless and very vulnerable country,”  he added.

Prime Minister Browne insisted that his government will not agree to any arrangement that could be detrimental to the safety and security of Antigua and Barbuda. (CMC)

Fourth man charged in connection with 2024 murder

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Police have charged a fourth man in connection with the 2024 murder of Shane Parris.

Jelani Finidi Kemau Nowell, 26 years, of Cliffden, Church Village, St Philip, is scheduled to appear in the District ‘C’ Magistrates’ Court on Monday. He is also charged with conspiracy to murder between January 11 and 13, 2024.

Parris was shot and killed on January 13 at Nursery No. 2, Four Roads, St Philip.

Previously, Jamaican national Luston Trace Qurie Watson, who was staying at  Heddings; Nigel “Bounty” Pinder of Cox Hill, Church Village; and Trever Nathan Gittens of Chapel Land No. 2, all in St Philip, were also charged with the murder of Parris. (Nation News)

Hillaby Turner’s Hall School not closed after scarlet fever detected

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At least one child at Hillaby Turner’s Hall Primary School has tested positive for scarlet fever, but the Ministry of Health and Wellness says there is no need for it to be closed.

A statement issued by the Chief Medical Officer, Dr The Most Honourable Kenneth George stated there was also evidence of a past dengue fever infection in three children, based on laboratory results.

Parents at the school have reported illness with symptoms including rash and fever. There was a lone case of Group A Streptococcus (Scarlet Fever) which is spread through person-to-person contact, particularly via respiratory droplets and close contact, but within 24 hours of commencing anti-biotics, children were no longer deemed infectious, the Ministry also said.

“The current situation does not indicate an unusual outbreak pattern within the school setting. The Ministry of Health and Wellness reminds the public that schools are part of the wider community and illnesses can be introduced into the environment from time to time resulting in outbreaks,” the statement noted.

“Standard public health measures remain appropriate and effective, including good hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, regular cleaning of classroom surfaces, and continued attention to mosquito bite prevention in the wider community. The Ministry of Education Transformation has implemented the recommended measures.”

Parents were also reminded children who were unwell should remain at home and only return once they were medically assessed and cleared.  

“From a public health perspective there is no need for closure of the school at this time,” the statement said, adding the Ministry of Health would continue to monitor the situation and provide the necessary support. (PR/SAT)

Mary turns pain into power through film

For Mary Walker, filmmaking has become more than artistic ambition. It is therapy, memory, resistance and self-discovery wrapped into moving images and deeply human storytelling.

The emerging Barbadian filmmaker is currently pouring her heart into Moko, a short film that explores grief, adolescence, sexuality, spirituality and emotional survival through the eyes of a 15-year-old girl named Zaria. Yet while the project itself is fictional, much of its emotional core is rooted in Walker’s own life experiences – particularly the pain, confusion and transformation that shaped her teenage years.

Now, as she pushes forward in her film journey, Walker has received a major boost of encouragement that signals her work is resonating beyond Barbados.

Recently, she and her team learned that their crowdfunding campaign for Moko had been selected as a Staff Pick on Seed&Spark, a respected platform known for supporting independent filmmakers. The project also received a Patron Circle Grant, an honour awarded to promising productions by an angel donor.

For Walker, the recognition felt surreal.

“We just got the news that not only has our campaign been selected as a Staff Pick on Seed&Spark but that we’ve also been honoured with a Patron Circles Grant, which is given to promising projects by an angel donor,” she said excitedly.

The achievement represented more than financial support. To Walker, it was affirmation that intimate Caribbean stories . . . especially stories led by complicated, emotionally rich young Black girls  . . . deserve space on the international stage.

“This project has been so personal from the beginning. To see people believe in it and support it in this way means everything.”

At the centre of Moko is Zaria, a teenager navigating identity, longing, spirituality and grief while confronting forces both emotional and supernatural. Walker intentionally crafted the story to feel dreamlike and emotionally immersive rather than overly explanatory.

Moko doesn’t seek to give answers or a lesson about grief, or desire, or sexual orientation. Instead, it asks its audience to let go and just feel.”

That emotional honesty stems directly from Walker’s own experiences growing up in Barbados.

“There’s nothing like puberty and the subsequent teenage years. Over the span of a short few years, you’re expected to mature and start to have a much stronger idea of who you want to be,” she reflected.

For Walker, those years were marked by emotional isolation and internal conflict, feelings she says many Caribbean young people silently endure while trying to appear strong or unaffected.

Like countless teenagers, she learned to distract herself from difficult emotions by staying busy and convincing others she was okay. But beneath the surface, she was wrestling with uncertainty, grief and a growing sense of emotional disconnection.

Then came the devastating loss that would permanently alter her worldview.

Walker lost her mother at age 17.

The experience, she admitted, shattered her sense of stability at one of the most formative stages of life.

“Losing your mother at any age is traumatic,” she said quietly. “I think the special cruelty of losing a parent at that age in particular is that you’re old enough to remember them and to understand the magnitude of the loss, and yet you’re just a little too young to really know who you are as a person without their guidance.”

That grief lingered long after the funeral ended.

Like many people dealing with trauma, Walker initially suppressed much of what she was feeling. But years later, when she began writing the screenplay for Moko, buried emotions resurfaced in ways she had not anticipated.

“It wasn’t until I started writing the story that would become Moko that I realised just how much I had bottled up,” she revealed.

Writing became a form of release.

Through Zaria’s journey, Walker began processing her own fears, loneliness and memories. She found herself revisiting emotions tied to adolescence, womanhood and loss . . .  topics she believes are often underexplored within Caribbean storytelling.

“We don’t always allow ourselves the space to sit with uncomfortable feelings. Especially in Caribbean culture, where survival and resilience are emphasised so heavily. Sometimes we move so quickly past pain that we never truly process it.”

That emotional depth is precisely what Walker hopes audiences will connect with when they watch Moko.

She deliberately chose a teenage protagonist because she believes children and adolescents experience emotions with a rawness adults often lose.

“Children feel things very strongly,” she explained. “There is a purity to the way we feel and experience things as a child that becomes overly complicated as adults.”

The film’s atmosphere and setting are also deeply tied to Barbados itself. Walker said many of the visuals and emotional textures were inspired by her memories of growing up on the island . . . from school corridors and neighbourhood spaces to the spiritual undertones that quietly shape Caribbean life.

“Our crew is about 80 per cent local and our cast is 100 per cent local. One of the leading voices on the project is Ryan Wilfred, our executive producer and a creative producer who I deeply respect and love working with. We have experienced actors like Nakita Thomas and Brandon Blackman on board whilst also highlighting new talent, with our lead, Naomi Jones, a young star. Our cast is filled out with people, most non-actors, who were scouted and cast through a process called street casting. Our casting director, Deanne Lewis, went all over the island to find the right faces and the right voices. We have people of all ages and backgrounds. Our crew are both experienced local filmmakers and trainees. This is a production about Bajans by Bajans through and through.”

Her alma mater, Queen’s College, even serves as one of the filming locations.

For Walker, Barbados is not merely a backdrop but an active character within the story.

“There’s a very specific energy here,” she said. “There’s beauty, but there’s also tension . . . tradition existing alongside change, spirituality alongside modernity, silence alongside expression.”

She hopes Moko captures that complexity while presenting Barbados through a lens rarely seen in mainstream cinema.

Too often, she believes Caribbean stories are reduced to tourism imagery, comedy or surface-level portrayals that ignore emotional nuance.

Walker wants to challenge that.

“I want Caribbean stories to be allowed to be strange, soft, haunting, vulnerable and emotionally layered. We contain multitudes.”

As a filmmaker, Walker is particularly drawn to stories exploring womanhood, identity, longing and the supernatural. She is fascinated by the emotional worlds people carry internally and how memory shapes human behaviour.

Her filmmaking style leans toward atmospheric storytelling, work that prioritises feeling and emotional resonance over straightforward exposition.

“I’m interested in the things people don’t say out loud. The tension underneath conversations. The grief people carry quietly. The ways desire and loneliness shape us.”

Though still early in her professional career, Walker already speaks with the clarity and introspection of someone deeply committed to her craft.

Her journey into filmmaking has not always been easy. Independent filmmaking, particularly in the Caribbean, often comes with financial limitations, logistical hurdles and limited industry infrastructure. But Walker says the challenges have only strengthened her determination.

“There are moments where it feels impossible,” she admitted. “But I think if you love storytelling deeply enough, you find ways to keep going.”

Receiving recognition through Seed&Spark and the Patron Circles Grant has given her renewed confidence that there is an audience hungry for authentic Caribbean narratives.

“It reminds me that these stories matter. People want honesty. They want stories that make them feel something real.”

Looking ahead, Walker hopes Moko becomes only the beginning.

She wants to continue creating films that push boundaries emotionally and artistically while centring Caribbean voices that are often overlooked or misunderstood. She dreams of building a body of work that explores intimacy, memory, spirituality and identity through distinctly Caribbean perspectives.

More importantly, she hopes audiences walk away from her films feeling less alone.

“I think art can save people,” Walker said thoughtfully. “Not in a dramatic way, but sometimes seeing yourself reflected honestly in a story can make you feel understood for the first time.”

For the young filmmaker, that emotional connection is the true purpose of cinema.

And as her journey continues from Barbados to international recognition, Walker is proving that even the quietest, most deeply personal stories can resonate far beyond the island’s shores.

Fogging Schedule: June 1 to 5

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The Ministry of Health and Wellness’ Vector Control Unit will target districts in St James and St Thomas when they conduct their fogging exercise this week.

The unit will start in the following communities on Monday, June 1: Upper Porters Road/Westmoreland, Greaves Road, 1st Avenue Westmoreland, Westmoreland/Lancaster from the stoplights at the junction of Westmoreland and Deane’s, travelling south to Lancaster Road, Lancaster North, 3rd Avenue Lancaster, Greenwich Development, Greenwich Road Nos.1 to 4 and surrounding areas.

The following day, Tuesday, June 2, the team will spray Trents Tenantry Road Nos.1 to 3, Lower Greenwich/Trents, Jamestown Park, 1st and 2nd Street Holetown, Sunset Crest/Holetown, Hibiscus Avenue, Cherry Avenue, Cemetery Lane, Cordia Avenue, Mayhoe Avenue, Poui Avenue and Palm Avenue.

On Wednesday, June 3, the unit will fog Seaview, Reeves Hill, Nicholas Village Road, Webster Road, Mahogany Avenue, Sunset Ridge and Halcyon Heights.

The team will turn its attention to the following St Thomas districts on Thursday, June 4: South District, Hanson, Dash Valley, Hothersal Terrace, Monroe Village, 1st Avenue Dash Gap, Hanson Heights, Monroe Road to Haynes Hill, Monroe Village and Constant Tenantry will be fogged.

The fogging exercise for the week will conclude on Friday, June 5, in the following St James communities, when the team goes to Payne’s Bay, Greenidge Village Road, Layne’s Road Nos.1 and 2, Holders Hill, Olive Lodge Road, Polo Gardens, Prospects to the corner of Appleby Gardens inclusive of Chapel Road Nos.1 and 2, Matthew Drive, Clarke’s Road Nos.1 and 2, Clarke’s Road and surrounding areas.

Fogging takes place from 4:30 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. daily. Householders are reminded to open their windows and doors to allow the spray to enter. Children should not be allowed to play in the fog. (BGIS)         

219 hurt in Champions League riots in France

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A total of 219 people have been injured in clashes between football fans and police across France after Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) won the Champions League final against Arsenal.

Eight were in a serious condition, Interior Minister Laurent Nuñez said. Thousands of officers were deployed to curb unrest that disrupted bus, train and rail services in the capital, Paris. Fifty-seven of them were injured.

Nuñez said 780 people had been arrested over the violence – with more than 450 in custody. A person was found dead after an accident on Paris’s ring road, which rioters tried to block overnight.

Some 6 000 police have been mobilised for Sunday’s victory parade, which has begun.

Scenes around the site of the Eiffel Tower on Sunday appeared jubilant and peaceful as the parade got under way at around 18:00 local time (17:00 BST), with fans lining the streets to cheer PSG players and staff.

The celebrations include touring the Champ-de-Mars next to the Eiffel Tower and a reception by French President Emmanuel Macron.

Earlier, the interior minister said the security forces would be “firm” in their response to violence.

“We are a great country for maintaining public order. We allow freedom of assembly, but not excesses,” he said.

There was similar violence when PSG won the same trophy last year, with celebrations turning deadly.

Thousands of officers had been deployed this time to curb unrest that disrupted bus, train and rail services in Paris.

The vast Champs-Élysées was swarmed by fans shortly after the local team won in a penalty shootout.

Footage shows flares being set off, electric bikes burning on roads and revellers smashing the glass of at least one shopfront. Police fired tear gas to disperse crowds in the city centre.

Paris police made 480 arrests, with 277 taken into custody, including 82 minors.

The figures were provisional, the Paris prosecutor’s office said. It added that offences ranged from attacks on officers to attacks on property, theft, as well as illegal possession of weapons.

The circumstances surrounding the death of the 24-year-old near Porte Maillot in the Paris ring road remain unclear. Some witnesses said he was riding a motorcycle when he crashed into concrete blocks.

A teenager was also in critical condition following a brawl in another area of Paris. It is not clear if they were involved in the football-related rioting. (BBC)